Java · TestNG
Manufacturing with Selenium
A live machine dashboard with status filters and OEE meters, work orders whose bill of materials is checked against stock (shortages block release), a start → complete lifecycle, and quality inspection with tolerance-based pass/fail.
App under test
⚙️ FactoryOS
- URL
- /apps/factory
- Impeller stock
- 40 units
- QC spec
- 25.00 ± 0.05 mm …
- WO numbers
- WO-1001 …
Scenarios to automate
Work top to bottom — each one adds a new technique.
- 1
Changing data
Intermediatemachine-card data-status changes every ~4s; assert counts add up (count-*) rather than specific states.
- 2
Meters
Beginneroee-* use role=meter with aria-valuenow; avg-oee is the mean of all machines.
- 3
BOM maths
IntermediatePump × 50 → required-bearing 100, required-impeller 50 (stock 40) → shortage-impeller shows −10.
- 4
Blocked action
Intermediaterelease-wo with a shortage shows wo-error naming the part; wo-qty-dec10 clears it (materials-ok).
- 5
Lifecycle
Beginnerstart-<id> → In progress → complete-<id> → Completed; buttons change with status.
- 6
Tolerance checks
Advanced25.06 mm fails (Out of tolerance) while 25.05 passes; any defect checkbox forces FAIL.
- 7
Incomplete inspection
Beginnersubmit-inspection before all measurements shows qc-error; qc-result stays Pending.
Sample Selenium suite
A working starting point that finds elements every way Selenium can — by role, label, text, id, name, CSS, XPath and data-testid — so you practice them all. Pick your language, switch to data-testid only to compare, or try your own in the Locator Playground.
import org.testng.annotations.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import java.util.Map;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.*;
import java.time.Duration;
import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.*;
// Locators in this suite: By.id ×2 · By.name ×2 · By.linkText ×2 · By.xpath ×6 · By.cssSelector ×2 · data-testid ×11
public class FactoryOsWorkOrderTest {
static final String BASE = "https://www.practiceqaautomation.com";
WebDriver driver;
WebDriverWait wait;
// Small helpers: every action takes a By and waits for its element first (no Thread.sleep).
By tid(String id) { return By.cssSelector("[data-testid='" + id + "']"); }
WebElement ready(By by) { return centre(wait.until(elementToBeClickable(by))); }
void click(By by) { ready(by).click(); }
WebElement nth(String id, int n) { return centre(wait.until(numberOfElementsToBeMoreThan(tid(id), n)).get(n)); }
void clickNth(String id, int n) { nth(id, n).click(); }
// Scroll to the middle of the screen first: Selenium only scrolls an element to the edge,
// where a sticky header or a fixed bottom bar can cover it (ElementClickInterceptedException).
WebElement centre(WebElement e) {
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView({block: 'center', inline: 'nearest'})", e);
return e;
}
void type(By by, String text) { ready(by).sendKeys(text); }
void select(By by, String value) { new Select(ready(by)).selectByValue(value); }
void check(By by) { WebElement e = ready(by); if (!e.isSelected()) e.click(); }
void expectText(By by, String text) { wait.until(textToBePresentInElementLocated(by, text)); }
void expectVisible(By by) { wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(by)); }
void expectNthText(String id, int n, String text) {
wait.until(d -> d.findElements(tid(id)).size() > n && d.findElements(tid(id)).get(n).getText().contains(text));
}
@BeforeMethod
public void setUp() {
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
// Turn off Chrome's "Save password?" and "password found in a data breach" pop-ups: after a
// login they take the keyboard and mouse away from the page, so later typing and clicks are lost.
options.setExperimentalOption("prefs", Map.of(
"credentials_enable_service", false,
"profile.password_manager_enabled", false,
"profile.password_manager_leak_detection", false));
driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
}
@AfterMethod(alwaysRun = true)
public void tearDown() { driver.quit(); }
@Test
public void releasesAWorkOrderAndPassesQC() {
driver.get(BASE + "/apps/factory");
expectVisible(tid("machine-grid"));
click(By.linkText("Work orders"));
click(tid("new-work-order"));
select(By.id("wo-product"), "pump");
type(By.name("wo-qty"), "50");
expectText(tid("required-impeller"), "50");
expectText(tid("shortage-impeller"), "−10");
click(By.xpath("//button[normalize-space()='Release work order']"));
expectText(tid("wo-error"), "Impeller");
click(tid("wo-qty-dec10"));
expectVisible(tid("materials-ok"));
select(By.id("wo-line"), "Line B");
clickNth("wo-due", 3);
click(By.xpath("//button[normalize-space()='Urgent']"));
click(By.xpath("//button[normalize-space()='Release work order']"));
expectText(tid("wo-status-WO-1001"), "Released");
click(By.xpath("//button[normalize-space()='Start']"));
click(By.xpath("//button[normalize-space()='Complete']"));
expectText(tid("wo-status-WO-1001"), "Completed");
click(By.linkText("Quality"));
type(By.cssSelector("[aria-label='Bore diameter measured']"), "25.02");
type(By.name("qc-length"), "119.9");
type(By.cssSelector("[aria-label='Weight measured']"), "2.43");
expectText(tid("qc-result"), "PASS");
click(By.xpath("//button[normalize-space()='Record inspection']"));
expectText(tid("inspection-id"), "QC-");
}
}